Herpes simplex - Herpes Simpleks
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Herpes simplex na ustnici.
Herpes Simpleks (Herpes simplex) ― Okužba prstov s herpesom simpleksom je pogostejša pri majhnih otrocih kot pri odraslih.
References
Okužba s HSV-1 napreduje s primarno okužbo epitelijskih celic, ki ji sledi latenca, predvsem v nevronih, in reaktivacija. HSV-1 običajno povzroči začetne in ponavljajoče se vezikularne izbruhe, predvsem na sluznici ust in spolovil. Njegove manifestacije segajo od orolabialnega herpesa do različnih stanj, kot so herpetični folikulitis, kožne okužbe, prizadetost oči in hudi primeri, kot je herpetični encefalitis. Protivirusna terapija pomaga pri obvladovanju okužbe s HSV.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesviridae subfamily. Its structure is composed of linear dsDNA, an icosahedral capsid that is 100 to 110 nm in diameter, with a spikey envelope. In general, the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection follows a cycle of primary infection of epithelial cells, latency primarily in neurons, and reactivation. HSV-1 is responsible for establishing primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions, primarily in the orolabial and genital mucosa. HSV-1 infection has a wide variety of presentations, including orolabial herpes, herpetic sycosis (HSV folliculitis), herpes gladiatorum, herpetic whitlow, ocular HSV infection, herpes encephalitis, Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum), and severe or chronic HSV infection. Antiviral therapy limits the course of HSV infection.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) je zelo razširjena okužba, ki prizadene približno 22 % odraslih, starih 12 let in več, kar skupaj znaša 45 milijonov odraslih v Združenih državah. Čeprav HSV-1 običajno povzroča rane v ustih, lahko povzroči tudi genitalne lezije. Če pa imajo bolniki lezije na spolovilih, je HSV-2 običajno glavna skrb. Simptomi izbruhov HSV-2 so pogosto nejasni, kot sta srbenje in draženje genitalij, kar lahko odloži diagnozo in zdravljenje. Ta zamuda lahko povzroči nadaljnji prenos na neokužene osebe.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) continues to be a common infection, affecting approximately 22% of adults ages 12 and older, representing 45 million adults in the United States alone. While HSV-1 often affects the perioral region and can be known to cause genital lesions, HSV-2 is more commonly the consideration when patients present with genital lesions. Despite this, most outbreaks of the infection will present with nonspecific symptoms such as genital itching, irritation, and excoriations, which may cause diagnosis and treatment to be delayed. As a result, further exposure to uninfected individuals may occur.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pogosto povzroča okužbe, kot sta genitalni herpes in rane pri najstnikih in odraslih. Ko HSV okuži dojenčka v prvih 4-6 tednih življenja, lahko povzroči hudo bolezen z resnimi posledicami. Hitro diagnosticiranje neonatalne okužbe s HSV je ključnega pomena za preprečitev poslabšanja bolezni in preprečitev nevroloških težav (celo smrti) .
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a well-known cause of infections including genital herpes and herpes labialis in the adolescent and adult population. Transmission of HSV infection to an infant during the first 4-6 weeks of life can lead to devastating disease with the potential for poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is imperative when evaluating neonatal HSV infection in order to prevent further disease progression, neurological complications, and even death.
Herpes simplex okužba je zelo pogosta in se lahko prenese z nosečnice na otroka. Ta virus lahko pri novorojenčkih povzroči resne zdravstvene težave ali celo smrt. Medtem ko je redko med samo nosečnostjo, se pogosto zgodi med porodom. Tveganje je največje, če se mati okuži v kasnejših fazah nosečnosti. Vendar pa je to tveganje mogoče zmanjšati z uporabo protivirusnih zdravil ali odločitvijo za carski rez v določenih situacijah.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Infection with herpes simplex is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Because the infection is common in women of reproductive age it can be contracted and transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is an important cause of neonatal infection, which can lead to death or long-term disabilities. Rarely in the uterus, it occurs frequently during the transmission delivery. The greatest risk of transmission to the fetus and the newborn occurs in case of an initial maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The risk of transmission of maternal-fetal-neonatal herpes simplex can be decreased by performing a treatment with antiviral drugs or resorting to a caesarean section in some specific cases.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) tipa 1 in 2 okužita veliko ljudi po vsem svetu. Običajno virus po okužbi kože ostane miren v živčnih celicah, vendar se lahko pozneje ponovno aktivira in povzroči herpes na ranah. Včasih povzroči resne težave, kot so okužbe oči, vnetje možganov ali nevarna stanja pri novorojenčkih in ljudeh s šibkim imunskim sistemom. Medtem ko sedanja zdravila pomagajo obvladovati okužbe, tveganje odpornosti na zdravila in stranskih učinkov ostaja zaskrbljujoče. Potrebujemo nova zdravila za boljše ciljanje na virus.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 is ubiquitous in the human population. Most commonly, virus replication is limited to the epithelia and establishes latency in enervating sensory neurons, reactivating periodically to produce localized recurrent lesions. However, these viruses can also cause severe disease such as recurrent keratitis leading potentially to blindness, as well as encephalitis, and systemic disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Although antiviral therapy has allowed continual and substantial improvement in the management of both primary and recurrent infections, resistance to currently available drugs and long-term toxicity pose a current and future threat that should be addressed through the development of new antiviral compounds directed against new targets.
Obstajata dve vrsti virusa herpes simpleks (herpes simplex) , tip 1 (HSV-1) in tip 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 pogosteje povzroča okužbe okoli ust, medtem ko HSV-2 pogosteje povzroča genitalne okužbe. Prenašajo se z neposrednim stikom z okuženo osebo. Genitalni herpes je razvrščen kot spolno prenosljiva okužba. Med porodom se lahko prenese na dojenčka. Po okužbi se virusi prenašajo po senzoričnih živcih do teles živčnih celic, kjer ostanejo vse življenje. Vzroki za ponovitev so lahko: zmanjšana imunska funkcija, stres in izpostavljenost sončni svetlobi.
V večini primerov se protivirusna zdravila jemljejo le, če so simptomi hudi. Vsakodnevno protivirusno zdravilo se lahko predpiše nekomu, ki ima zelo pogoste okužbe. Cepiva ni na voljo in cepivo proti pasovcu ne preprečuje herpesa simpleksa. Zdravljenje s protivirusnimi zdravili, kot sta aciklovir ali valaciklovir, lahko zmanjša resnost simptomov.
Po vsem svetu je stopnja HSV-1 ali HSV-2 med 60 % in 95 % pri odraslih. HSV-1 se običajno okuži v otroštvu. Ocenjuje se, da je bilo leta 2003 s HSV-2 okuženih 536 milijonov ljudi po vsem svetu (16 % prebivalstva), z večjo stopnjo med ženskami in tistimi v državah v razvoju. Večina ljudi s HSV-2 se ne zaveda, da je okužena.
○ Zdravljenje ― OTC zdravila
Izogibajte se kakršnemu koli fizičnemu stiku, na primer poljubljanju otroka, medtem ko so mehurji prisotni, saj lahko s stikom okužbo prenesete na druge ljudi. Moral bi počivati brez pitja alkohola.
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